What is defined as a developmental disability that affects communication and social interaction?

The correct response refers to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), which is characterized by challenges in communication, social interaction, and often includes repetitive behaviors or restricted interests. Individuals with ASD can exhibit a wide range of symptoms and levels of severity, leading to varied support needs.

The hallmark of ASD is its impact on social communication skills, which may manifest as difficulty in understanding and responding to social cues, forming relationships, or engaging in typical conversation. This aspect is distinct from the other options listed. For example, speech impairment primarily focuses on issues related to producing speech or language rather than the broader challenges in social interaction found in ASD.

Intellectual disabilities involve significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adapting to life skills, while behavior disorders typically concern patterns of disruptive or harmful behaviors rather than specific communication and social interaction deficits expected in autism. Thus, Autism Spectrum Disorder is the most appropriate answer as it encompasses the unique characteristics of developmental disabilities that primarily affect how an individual communicates and interacts socially.